Does It Matter Where You Go to College

Does It Make a difference Where You Go to College SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting into a first class school is getting progressively harder, and numerous understudies (and their folks) place enormous weight on themselves to attempt to do everything they can to get into one of the most lofty universities. They accept that moving on from a top school will permit them to have a progressively prosperous future. While it’s certain that first class universities draw in the most noteworthy gauge of understudy, there’s still discussion about whether these schools legitimately sway proficient outcomes.So truly, does it make a difference where you head off to college? In this article, I’ll investigate the effect of going to a tip top foundation. While it’s very hard to think about the instructive and social effect of one school versus another, we can attempt to decide the impact a particular school has on one’s expert future. highlight picture credit:bluefieldphotos bp/Flickr What Is an Elite College? For the motivations behind this article, tip top universities are the most particular, lofty schools in the nation. These universities are viewed as the highest quality level, and that is the reason such a significant number of understudies go through long stretches of difficult work and stress to attempt to get into these schools. A few instances of world class universities are the Ivy League schools, MIT, Stanford, and the University of Chicago. In case you're searching for a total rundown, I'd incorporate the main 15 National Universities and the best 5 National Liberal Arts schools in US News on this rundown of adored super schools. Why It Does Matter Where You Go to College There are various reasons why heading off to an increasingly lofty schoolcan advantage your future. Below,I’ll detail the absolute most significant advantages of going to a first class school. Remember that I'm concentrating on the possible budgetary and expert advantages of heading off to a top school. Also, first class schools may challenge you all the more scholastically, and you may appreciate encircle yourself with other amazingly propelled and effective understudies. Then again, a portion of the classes at top schools may cause you to feel overpowered. You may feel constrained to choose a less thorough major, or you might not have the opportunity to do the same number of extracurricular exercises or have a charming public activity. Alumni of Elite Schools Are More Likely to Have Future Financial and Professional Success Likely, the principle reason understudies and their folks care about picking up admission to top universities is on the grounds that they accept that going to one of these schools is a pass to future achievement. While it’s hard to demonstrate that heading off to a first class school makes you effective, there’s a solid connection between going to a tip top school and being fruitful. All things considered, moves on from tip top schools get more cash-flow, and degrees from numerous first class schools give the best profit for your school venture. Likewise, while just 2%-5% of all US students move on from top schools, 38% of Fortune 500 organization CEOs and 44.8% of very rich people moved on from world class establishments. Essentially, of Forbes’s most influential individuals, 55.9% of influential ladies and 85.2% of influential men went to tip top schools. Alumni of Top Schools Are More Likely to Graduate Regardless of whether you accept that all higher educations are equivalent, the top schools will in general have the most noteworthy graduation rates. The individuals who go to the most lofty schools are substantially more prone to get degrees. For instance, Harvard’s graduation rate is 98%. In the mean time, the University of Massachusetts Amherst, a fundamentally less particular state school, has a graduation pace of 76%. Cal State Los Angeles, a California State University school, has a graduation pace of 41%. There are various components that may add to the shifting graduation rates. The most particular schools just concede top understudies; subsequently, practically the entirety of their understudies have the important inspiration to guarantee that they graduate. Additionally, specific schools, especially particular tuition based schools, may offer more help administrations and direction that bring about higher graduation rates. At last, a portion of the bigger, less specific state schools have a higher level of low-salary and nontraditional understudies. These understudies face extra obstructions that can keep them from graduating. Low-Income Students May Benefit the Most From Going to a Top School Overall, low-pay understudies have fundamentally lower graduation rates. Besides, low-salary understudies are almost certain than wealthier understudies to go to a school that is less specific than one they could have joined in. A broadly perused examination established that, for understudies admitted to world class schools, deciding to go to a to some degree particular school like Penn State over the most specific schools like Harvard didn’t sway future profit for the larger part. Nonetheless, the result of going to tip top schools was more noteworthy for financially burdened understudies. Why It Doesn’t Matter Which College You Attend There is unquestionably a contention to be made that where you set off for college is irrelevant. What is important are your aptitudes, experience, hard working attitude, and that you get an advanced education. Here are a few reasons why it may not make any difference where you attend a university. Heading off to an Elite School Isn’t Essential for Future Professional Success As recently referenced, an investigation reasoned that understudies who were confessed to top schools and picked to go to less specific schools wound up acquiring as much as their companions who moved on from the top schools. Along these lines, you can reason that the main thing isn’t where you go to class yet having the characteristics that make you serious for admission to the top schools. So also, a Wall Street Journal study found that the glory of a school doesn’t sway future income for some understudies. In particular, the studyconcluded that a school’s esteem affects future profit for business and aesthetic sciences majors, however there is for all intents and purposes no effect on future income for STEM majors. Also, despite the fact that moves on from the top schools are bound to become CEOs or ludicrously well off, most of individuals who do aren’t alumni of tip top organizations. Any Advantage of Going to an Elite School May Be Offset by Its Cost Regardless of whether setting off to a top school prompts fairly higher income, those higher profit might be more than balance by the significantly more significant expense of first class private universities. For instance, for the 2015-2016 scholastic year, the assessed cost of participation for a year at Stanford was $65,177. For a California inhabitant, the assessed cost of participation for UCLA was $32,289. More than four years, that’s a distinction of more than $120,000. Regardless of whether, theoretically, the Stanford degree prompted a yearly compensation that was $2,000 more than the UCLA degree, it would take over 60 years of that additional pay just to take care of the additional expense of going to Stanford. In any case, remember that tip top private universities ordinarily offer the most liberal money related guide. The recorded expense of participation may not be what you wind up paying. World class universities aren't modest. End: Does It Matter Where You Go to College? The short answer is that it depends. Basically, it relies upon your objectives and foundation. On the off chance that you need to become president or a CEO, you might be bound to do as such in the event that you go to one of the most first class universities. Additionally, a portion of the top Wall Street and counseling firms are known to solely enlist workers who moved on from the most lofty schools. Additionally, alumni of tip top universities have a bit of leeway in the business world from solid, amazing graduated class systems. Be that as it may, If you need to be a researcher or instructor, there may not be a lot of a bit of leeway, at any rate fiscally, from going to a top school. Then again, the information recommends that understudies from low-salary foundations may profit the most from going to world class schools and deciding to go to the most particular school that acknowledges them. Moreover, the appropriate response relies upon which schools you’re looking at. The distinction between moving on from Stanford and moving on from UCLA is presumably negligible, if there’s any distinction whatsoever, according to most businesses and graduate schools. Be that as it may, there’s an a lot bigger contrast among Stanford and Cal State Los Angeles. Once more, you can even now accomplish any expert objective in the event that you go to from Cal State Los Angeles, however the graduation pace of Stanford is altogether higher, and the normal compensations of Stanford graduates are generously higher. Remember that you can move on from any school, and in the event that you completely put forth a concentrated effort, you can be an effective CEO, specialist, engineer, or whatever else you seek to be. Thus, on the off chance that you go to an Ivy League school and attempt to drift through existence without demonstrating the commitment that got you into a tip top school, you're probably going to encounter constrained achievement. What Should You Do? Despite the school you join in, your hard working attitude, character, and inclination will impact your future more than the school you moved on from. Keep up center and continue buckling down, and you’ll give yourself the best chance to arrive at your objectives. Since getting an advanced education is without a doubt connected to future achievement, you need to go to a school that’s a solid match for you and your needs so that you’ll be bound to graduate (and likely more joyful!). Discover how to approach exploring and picking a school. Likewise, research the expert results for understudies who share your experience and graduated with a degree in your proposed major. You can utilize destinations like payscale.com and College Scorecard to assist you with your exploration. For instance, while the University of Utah is positioned as the fifth best National University in the nation by US News, it’s thought about one of the very bes

Why Hire a Freelance Writer When You Can Do It Yourself

Why Hire a Freelance Writer When You Can Do It Yourself Why Hire a Freelance Writer When You Can Do It Yourself There are times when our timetables are over-burden, or schedules booked, and we basically have increasingly significant issues to take care of, and during circumstances such as the present it bodes well to enlist an independent author to help. In any case, there are likewise times when it isn't to our greatest advantage to burn through cash on drawing in an expert. Realizing the distinction will set aside you cash and potentially help you not far off. The Assignment Topic is Important to Your Future Career In the event that the topic or subject of the task is firmly identified with your future vocation, you are just bamboozling yourself of information you may require later on the off chance that you enlist a consultant to compose the paper for you. You Have Ample Time to Complete the Assignment On the off chance that you have a month to go before the paper is expected, it is likely you have days to complete the paper. Right now is an ideal opportunity to learn and rehearse those extremely significant time the executives aptitudes. Get timetable together and set objectives for each piece of the creative cycle. Imprint them on your schedule and treat them as genuine assignments. Great time the executives propensities will be helpful now and later on as they are the sign of the effective. You Have No Other Projects or Urgent Work In the event that you have no other enormous undertakings going on, you most likely don't have a solid need to recruit an essayist, so for what reason do as such. In the event that you enlist an author when it isn't required, in addition to the fact that you miss out on learning encounters, however you squander cash also. Achievement takes more than bringing in cash, simply ask Kanye West who made millions is as yet broke and paying off debtors. Cash the board abilities matter. Finishing the Paper Will Allow You to Pass the Final Exam On the off chance that your last, most important test depends on learning the material in the paper, it is to your greatest advantage to compose the paper yourself. On the off chance that you have to introduce the material, have a conversation about it, or answer inquiries regarding the paper later, it isn't sufficient to just peruse the paper, you should know the exploration behind the paper to have the option to offer top to bottom responses. Regardless of whether you have the opportunity, and no different tasks going on, everybody needs direction occasionally. Rather than employing an author to compose the paper for you, you can arrange a model paper. A model paper will show you the conventional stream and other important subtleties of your objective paper, while you compose the real paper. You have the security and efficient assistance of getting the composing subtleties and structure from the model paper, yet you despite everything do the examination and gain proficiency with the topic, being totally associated with the creative cycle. It is only a smidgen of additional help, at a small amount of the expense of recruiting an independent essayist, and you can like that.

Article Review Developing Leadership Character in Business Programs

Article Review “Developing Leadership Character in Business Programs” “Developing Leadership Character in Business Programs” Nov 27, 2019 in Article Review Leadership Scholarly Article Review In the article Developing Leadership Character in Business Programs, the authors accentuate the necessity of character development. They contrast this approach to existing practices that focus on teaching functional content over character, and discuss such pressing issues as the crisis of confidence in leadership and the role of business schools in developing leaders. Their primary focus lies on teaching leadership skills and competencies, and their major suggestion is integration of a focus on character development into existing business programs, both in terms of curriculum development and classroom techniques. The authors use the classification and description of virtues and character strengths by Peterson and Seligman (2004) as a starting point for their own approach. Hence, they focus on the following six major virtues: wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance and transcendence (Crossan, Mazutis, Seijts, Gandz, 2013). They also point out the following: an individuals character consists of both habitual qualities or character strengths and a second, more motivational component (Crossan, Mazutis, Seijts, Gandz, 2013, p. 287). Human personality is explicated in terms of character traits, which consist of habitual qualities, strengths, weaknesses and motivational values. In my opinion, it is very important to gain an extensive understanding of ones personality in order to come up with a comprehensive scheme of how to develop and promote its specific components. Crossan, Mazutis, Seijts and Gandz highlight that personality traits are endogenous tendencies that give rise to distinct pa tterns of thought, feelings, and actions (2013, p. 287). In order to examine the peculiarities of character to the full extent, the authors integrate research across the fields of psychology and philosophy. I believe such thorough approach greatly adds to the significance and effectiveness of the article. The authors introduce the so-called virtue-based orientation (VBO) model that places character development at the core of ethical decision making (EDM) in business (Crossan, Mazutis, Seijts, Gandz, 2013, p. 287). They accentuate the important role of continuous learning in character development; they suggest that individuals have a capacity to deepen character strengths around the virtuous mean as they avoid vices of deficiency or excess (Crossan, Mazutis, Seijts, Gandz, 2013, p. 288). .advantages-banner .row { margin-bottom: 0; } .advantages-banner { border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; } .advantages-banner-header { font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; background: #04b5af; color: #ffffff; height: 55px; } .advantages-banner-logo { text-align: center; height: 100%; justify-content: center; } .advantages-banner-logo img { max-width: 80%; } .advantages-banner-header div:not(.advantages-banner-logo) { padding-left: 55px; } .advantages-banner-header div:last-child { padding-top: 13px; padding-bottom: 13px; } .advantages-banner-body { background: url('/images/banners/adv-bg.png') no-repeat right bottom #f2fbfb; background-size: 58%; padding: 25px 0 45px 43px; } .advantages-banner { font-size: 14px; } .advantages-banner .advantages-banner-body ul { padding: 0; } .advantages-banner .advantages-banner-body ul li { color: #424242; font-weight: bold; padding-left: 20px; position: relative; margin-bottom: 10px; } .advantages-banner .advantages-banner-body ul li:before{ content: ''; display: inline-block; position: absolute; left: 0; top:7px; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background: #04b5af; } .advantages-banner .advantages-banner-body ul li span { color: #ec5c63; } .advantages-banner .btn { width: 100%; box-shadow: none; border-top-right-radius: 0; border-bottom-left-radius: 0; border-bottom-right-radius: 8px; border-top-left-radius: 8px; height: 50px; line-height: 50px; text-transform: none; margin-top: 10px; } .advantages-banner .btn.btn-primary-1 { background: #ec5c63; } @media all and (min-width: 1400px) { .advantages-banner-body { background-size: 45%; } .advantages-banner-body { font-size: 15px; } } @media all and (max-width: 600px) { .advantages-banner-body.row { background-image: none; padding-bottom: 20px; padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 20px; } .advantages-banner-header { margin: 0; text-align: center; color: #ec5c63; } .advantages-banner-body, .advantages-banner-header div, .advantages-banner-header div:not(.advantages-banner-logo) { padding-right: .75rem; padding-left: .75rem; } .advantages-banner-header { color: #ec5c63; } } Perfect Essay Writing Service We'll write any essay according to your suggestions All papers 100% plagiarism free Professional and experienced writers Prices start from 11.99$ Order now Live chat The authors present arguments in favor of the question as to whether or not a character can be taught, as well as opposing opinions. Their belief is that leadership character can be influenced in a business school context. Their view on leadership is as follows: leadership is not focused on power or position, but rather on the capacity of individuals to bring the best of themselves to support and enable others, ensure the organizations they work with achieve at the highest level, and in doing so, contribute to society (Crossan, Mazutis, Seijts, Gandz, 2013, p. 291). The authors also elaborate on how essential leadership processes may be mastered at the levels of self, others and the organization. Hence, the teaching of character is considered from various perspectives and on various levels. The authors believe that the majority of business schools choose to focus on a single domain developing leadership competencies, whereas they argue that character and commitment to do the challenging and rewarding work of leadership are not less important. They point out that character development can be taught simultaneously with any subject. Hence, I come to a conclusion that it can be integrated into the teaching methodology across various disciplines, figuring as an additional learning objective. Another valid argument is the importance of the leaders self-awareness and reflection capabilities. The authors suggest the following techniques to develop leadership character traits: skills training, experiential methods, reflection exercises and mentoring. They also take into consideration application of these techniques with various audiences and point out that separate individuals engage in the learning process in different ways. One more interesting point made concerns the leadership traits in those who teach this discipline and need to develop a positive relationship with others. Self-reflection is just as important for leadership educators as it is for their students. The article is enriched by opinions of students, teachers, researcher and practitioners in the field of developing leadership skills. I believe, this fact adds to its significance. The authors closely examine the implementation and application of various teaching and learning methodologies and techniques. Finally, they stress that it takes a village to teach leadership skills and promote character development in the most effective manner since the communal approach here is highly significant. The article is highly informative and insightful; I believe that its significant theoretical and practical value is apparent.

The Kite Runner Literary Analysis Essay - 831 Words

The Kite Runner Analysis The expression riddled with guilt is a good way to describe the main characters life, Amir, in the book The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini. The Kite Runner is a story about an Afghan boy, Amir, who has many hardships throughout his life as he grows from a boy living in war-torn Afghanistan, to a successful writer living in America. Amir experiences many events that caused him to carry a great amount of guilt throughout his life. So much guilt that it even turned him into an insomniac. He needed to find a way to make amends which would allow him to forgive himself and hopefully, one day, be able to sleep soundly again. Guilt was a main theme that occurred over and over again throughout the story.†¦show more content†¦One night he was tossing and turning and said to no one, I watched Hassan get raped. A part of me was hoping someone would wake up and hear so I wouldnt have to live with this lie anymore...I was the monster...That was the n ight I became an insomniac. (pg. 86) At that point even being around Hassan was a constant reminder of Amirs failures and that made him angry but feeling angry added even more guilt. In Amirs desperate attempt to get out from under feelings of crushing guilt, he planted his birthday present of a watch and some money under Hassans mattress and told Baba. I knocked on Babas door and told what I hoped would be the last in a long line of shameful lies. (pg.104) But when Hassan replied yes to stealing, Amir flinched, like Id been slapped. My heart sank and I almost blurted out the truth. Then I understood: This was Hassans final sacrifice for me. (pg. 105) Amir said he loved Hassan in that moment, more than he ever loved anyone but he didnt tell the truth. He remained silent hoping that the stealing would get them fired and he could move on, forget, start with a clean slate...be able to breathe again. (pg. 106) However, Baba forgave Hassan for stealing, to Amirs complete shock, but Ali insisted they leave anyway and that broke Babas heart. Amir does move on with his life but doesnt begin to forgive himself or let go of the load of guilt he carried until the storyShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of The Kite Runner 1229 Words   |  5 PagesShyanne Nobles Ms. Mastrokyriakos English 4A Literary Analysis on â€Å"The Kite Runner† Edward Michael a British adventurer, writer and television presenter of Man vs. Wild always says â€Å"survival can be summed up in three words - never give up. That’s the heart of it really. Just keep trying†. The Kite Runner is a fictional book with a heartbreaking plot and struggling characters that are easily sympathetic to the readers. An Afghani child that has to make life changing decisions at such a young ageRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Kite Runner And Oedipus Rex1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner Oedipus Rex: Literary Analysis Essay Although The Kite Runner and Oedipus Rex differ from the style in which they were written and by the authors who wrote them what they do share are common themes. Both the play and the book share two major subject matters. Guilt is one theme that is seen constantly between Amir dealing with it in The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini and Oedipus and Jocasta’s struggle with it in Oedipus Rex written by Sophocles. Another theme found in bothRead MoreA Literary Analysis of Internal and External Conflict in The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini838 Words   |  3 PagesMiguel Anguel Ruiz once said, â€Å"People like to say that the conflict is between good and evil. The real conflict is between truth and lies† (Ruiz). 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While â€Å"comparing† is widely accepted as including both similarities and differencesRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1574 Words   |  7 PagesHosseini’s, The Kite Runner, is love. The Kite Runner follows Amir, the main character, finding redemption from a series of traumatic childhood events. Throughout the novel, the author uses many powerful symbols to represent the complexity of love that many experience in relationships. The use of the kite, the pomegranate tree, the slingshot, and the cleft lip all tie together to underscore a universal theme of love. To begin, the most explicit symbol present in the book is the kite. The kite representsRead MoreHow does Hosseini tell the story of the kite runner in chapter 1?942 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿How does Hosseini tell the story of the Kite Runner in chapter 1? Khaled Hosseini uses a veritable smorgasbord of literary and narrative techniques to tell the story of ‘The Kite Runner’. From engaging in the use of foreshadowing and symbolism, to characterisation and the way he styles his prose. Below is an analysis of how he does so. As mentioned, Hosseini’s use of foreshadowing almost encapsulates the chapter. Baba states that â€Å"God [should] help us all†, anticipating the Talibans takeoverRead More Differences that Divide Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesmore easily understood â€Å"black and white† groups. In Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, the characters, representative of the surrounding cultures portrayed, frequently participate in acts of inclusion and exclusion on the basis of ethnicity, religion, and lifestyle as a means of dividing the population into clearly defined, mutually exclusive groups. This underlying expression of discrimination serves as a modern critical analysis against society’s prevalent tenets of inequality. The first form of discriminationRead MoreEssay On Hassan As An Archetype1014 Words   |  5 Pagespresent strong character development and allow the author to provide a more profound meaning to symbolic actions, setting, symbols and overall push forward a stronger, and more refined and meaningful theme. The essay seeks to explore the literary techniques employed by Hosseini in the character development of Hassan, and to argue that Hassan is an archetypal Christ-like figure. In conjunction, this essay will also explore how the plot, structure, and action contributed to the character developmentRead MoreThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption2381 Words   |  10 PagesThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner is an award-winning novel and considered one of today’s most popular, contemporary classics. The story is one of familiar themes such as loyalty, forgiveness, betrayal, love, and redemption. It follows the tale of Amir and how he must atone for his sins and find a way to â€Å"be good again† (Hosseini 2). The quintessential message of this book relies on the idea of second chances. Themes of redemptionRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner 1899 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Analysis of The Kite Runner â€Å"It may be unfair, but what happens in a few days, sometimes even a single day, can change the course of a whole lifetime†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (142). Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner unfolds the story of the affluent youth Amir and his servant friend Hassan, who are separated by a traumatizing sexual assault and the 1979 Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan. Despite a fresh start in San Francisco, Amir is devoured by guilt for failing to protect his loyal friend. Many years later

Macau Casino Industry - 2740 Words

Investment Group Project Macau Casino Industry Tuesday 8:30 - 11:20 am Wong Wing Hei Penelope 12141056D Liu Xiaoyu Ivy 10806758D Au Chak Chung 12072495D Wong Yee Ting Gladys 11608217D Introduction The reputation of Macau’s Casino has more than 100 years of history. In recent years, owing to the opening up of gambling industry, this reputation further carried forward. Gambling policy depends not only on local government policy, but also on the tourists’ government policy. The policy of gambling prohibition from tourists’ government is always more decisive in deciding the fate of the gambling industry in one place. There are both certainty and non-deterministic element in determining the future prospects of Macau gambling industry. In this essay, we would like to first evaluate the historical performance of the HKEx-listed stocks portfolio in the casino industry. Then recommend a portfolio of stocks in the industry that can outperform the market. Also, we will discuss about the rationales behind and make some prediction on our portfolio. Evaluating the historical performance of a portfolio of stocks In this part, the historical performance of a portfolio of stocks in the Macau casino gambling industry will be measured and evaluated. To make a more thorough study of the industry, a portfolio composed of all the HKEx-listed stocks in this industry is chosen, then the overall performance of the industry can be found and compared with the whole stock market throughShow MoreRelatedCasino Industry in Macau2721 Words   |  11 PagesThe Casino Industry in Macau Research Question I intend to evaluate the Casino Industry in Macau including the reasons for its high demand and growing success and compare it to the Casino Industry in Las Vegas. The gaming industry is the livelihood of Macau. It is responsible for 75% of the government’s income and provides the people of Macau with millions of jobs. Even though gambling was first legalized under Portuguese rule to finance the government, it remains the same under Chinese ruleRead MoreCompetitive Analysis : Wynn Resorts1001 Words   |  5 PagesCompetitive Analysis The strategy would be to expand into the already lucrative Macau casino market with one of are most successful casino/resort in the Las Vegas area, the Bellagio. MGM already has a foothold hold in Macau Market, which is provided due to a partnership with Pansy Ho and the successful MGM Macau. The main competition in this area is: Las Vegas Sands Corp. (LVSC), which have 7 properties in the Macau area, Galaxy Entertainment Group (GEG), which have 3 properties and Wynn ResortsRead MoreThe Competition Of The Gaming Industry1600 Words   |  7 Pagesgaming industry in Macau is very competitive as it is the only jurisdiction within China where casinos are legal. Before 2003, there was a restriction on the entry of citizens into Macau when it was operated by Stanley Ho’s S.T.D.M as a monopoly. By 2012, visitors had increased 18.6% from the previous year and the industry now runs as an oligopoly. Within this industry are many competitors at a total of 6 within a 29.7 square kilome ter area. They are Sociedade de Jogos de Macua, Galaxy Casino, WynnRead MoreWynn Resort1511 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Board and CEO of Wynn. His knowledge of the gambling and casino industry is indispensable to Wynn Resorts, as he is accredited to turning the luxury casino industry in Las Vegas into what it is today. Wynn’s mission is: â€Å"A commitment to providing an elegant environment, high quality amenities, a superior level of service and distinctive attractions for our customers.† The company currently has operations in both Las Vegas and Macau Peninsula in China. 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What are the three main issues that Wynn Resorts must focus their efforts on in order to preserve their two largest revenue sources: the Wynn Las Vegas and Macau?   Mr Steven Wynn pursued his fervor as an entrepreneur and has changed the style of resorts and gaming. He is the most talented casino gamer in the world since long. He has made himself such a name in the gamingRead MoreCompetitive Analysis : Wynn Resorts Essay856 Words   |  4 PagesCompetitive Analysis The strategy would be to expand into the already lucrative Macau casino market with one of are most successful casino/resort in the Las Vegas area, the Bellagio. MGM already has a foothold hold in Macau Market, which is provided due to a partnership with Pansy Ho and the successful MGM Macau. The main competition in this area is: Las Vegas Sands Corp. (LVSC), which have 7 properties in the Macau area, Galaxy Entertainment Group (GEG), which have 3 properties and Wynn ResortsRead MoreFILIPINOS IN MACAU Essay939 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿FILIPINOS IN MACAU INTRODUCTION In the past few years, Macau has become an international destination. The liberation of gaming license had bought about large foreign investments and facilities infrastructure. Macau, a sparkling metropolis at night, is home to thousands of overseas Filipino workers . One of its eye-catching characteristics is certainly its large Filipino community. Filipinos represent the second largest group of non-resident workers in Macau after mainland Chinese. It also becomesRead MoreWynn Resorts Limited878 Words   |  4 Pagesengages in the development, ownership, and operation of destination casino resorts. The company owns and operates two casino resort complexes in Las Vegas, the Wynn Las Vegas and Encore at Wynn Las Vegas with two hotel towers with a total of 4,750 hotel rooms, suites, and villas; 240 table games; 2,195 slot machines; a race and sports book; 1 poker room in approximately 186,000 square feet of casino gaming space, including a sky casino and private gaming salons; 35 fo od and beverage outlets; 2 spas andRead MoreAdvantages and Considerations for Wynn Macau’s Casino2526 Words   |  11 Pagesenter Macau when its gaming industry was liberated and quickly became one of the most profitable casinos in Macau relative to its size. Junketeers have contributed greatly to wins success, along with government initiatives. Though gambling is illegal in many parts of the world, the industry is growing and competition is increasing, particularly in the east By 2015, the Asian gaming market is expected to be the biggest in the world. In order to continue to thrive in this growing industry, Wynn will

10 Ways How Photoshop Changed History of Photography Free Essays

10 Ways How Photoshop Changed the History Of Photography by Steven Campbell on Apr. 2nd, 2010 In the past, you had to be very patient as a digital photographer. If you wanted to catch something spectacular you had to carry your camera with you everywhere until you saw something special. We will write a custom essay sample on 10 Ways How Photoshop Changed History of Photography or any similar topic only for you Order Now To capture a sunrise you had to get up at the crack of dawn. Models had to spend hours in the makeup room and studios had to be well lit. Everything I just mentioned changed instantly with the invention of Photoshop. Photoshop has changed the history of digital photography. Nowadays, when you look at an amazing photo or image your first impression is still â€Å"wow† but your immediate second thought is â€Å"that has to be photoshopped†. When you think of the history of Photoshop and everything Photoshop did to change the game, it’s pretty insane. In this article, I’m going to cover some of the ways how Photoshop has changed digital photography forever. How We See the World [pic] The most significant effect Photoshop has had on us is how we see our world. Digital artists and manipulators know how to take an ordinary photograph and turn it into something completely different and extraordinary. [pic] Images that are photoshopped really have me doubting reality sometimes. Whether they have to do with people, places, or things, you can’t argue with the creativity and time that goes into some of these images. They give you a new perspective on the world. How We View History [pic] Aside from the historical significance of digital photography, Photoshop has changed the way we view history in general. Historical photographs can be photo shopped just as easily as any other image, which leaves you wondering if you are viewing a historical painting or a modern piece of Photoshop art. How We Advertise I bet you were wondering when I was going to get to this part. Advertising has changed forever due to image manipulation. You can’t look through a magazine without seeing dozens of photo shopped ads (I dare you to try). [pic] Think about what this means. To me, this says that companies that used to run text ads or had to hire a photographer to take their photos can now just pay someone to make their ad on a Mac or PC. Photoshop has changed advertising and business as a whole. How We View the Human Form [pic]Photoshop has also changed our image of what the perfect person looks like. With models and celebrities – most notably – we have seen Photoshop go into every magazine cover and spread in modern existence. Allow me to touch on a few examples of this. Erasing Blemishes Ever wonder how your favorite actor looks so perfect all the time? Well, they don’t. Image editing has led us to believe that some people are actually perfect in appearance, when in reality these photos have been doctored. You want to look perfect in all of your photos? Start learning Photoshop. Adding Style [pic]You can do anything you want to a person on Photoshop. Hair color, eye color, fashion, you name it – you can change everything. Age Progression Want to see what Katie Holmes might look like in a few dozen years? Someone’s already thought of that. Thought of that. [pic] You can use Photoshop for practical means like predicting age progression. It takes a bit of talent, but nonetheless it’s a possibility. How We Witness Nature [pic] If you’ve ever seen Planet Earth on the Discovery Channel you know that there are some beautiful places on this planet with some crazy looking creatures living there. Photoshop has allowed artists to get even more creative with nature and create their own species and landscapes. See the skull in that tree? What We Find Humorous [pic]A lot of photo shopped images are meant to be funny. Creators use irony and humor to adapt digital photos to make us laugh. To Make Fantasy Reality pic]Aside from all the real world examples of Photoshop history, images are constantly created to invoke our imagination. When you look at one of these pieces of art you are able to visualize the artist’s dreams and fantasies. What did we do before this? Conclusion These are the 10 ways I’ve noticed that Photoshop has changed the history of the digital photograph. There’s got to be more but these things just don’t jump out at me anymore due to the norms I’m accustomed to in the Photoshop era. What do you think about Photoshop? Has it affected your life in some way? How to cite 10 Ways How Photoshop Changed History of Photography, Essay examples

Entrepreneurship Of Venture Capital Firms †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship Of Venture Capital Firms. Answer: Introduction Venture capital is a form of financing which is provided to small emerging firms for high potential growth in the future. The venture capital firms invest in these startup companies in the initial stage for ownership or equity. The startup companies are based on new and innovative technologies (Hbr.org 2017). The startup companies do not have access to capital markets and thus venture capital is an essential source of money. The risk involved in venture capital is high for the investors. However, the venture capitalist can take part in the important decisions of the company. In this era of globalization, venture capital has become a popular source of capital funding because other source of funds such as debts or loans are not easily available to the company. The angel investors who are also known as high net worth individuals (HNWIs) provide venture capital for the small startup businesses. The venture capital industry is envied as an engine of economic growth throughout the world (H br.org 2017). Venture money cannot be regarded as long term money. The venture capitalist in the initial stage buys a stake and then nurtures it accordingly in a short span of time. Finally the capitalist has to exit it with the help of investment banker. The investors who invest in the venture capital funds are usually large institutions such as insurance companies, pension funds and financial funds (Hbr.org 2017). These institutions invest a small proportion of their funds in the high risk investments. The return expected from these investments may range from 25%-35% over the entire period of time. The venture capitalist tries to fulfill the expectation of the investors at an acceptable level of risk by analyzing the investment profile and the structure. The venture capitalist usually spends in the middle stage i.e. the growth stage. They avoid investing in the initial stage of development because the technologies and the market conditions are unknown and uncertain in this stage. Moreover, the c apitalist also avoid investing in the later stages because the rate of growth slows down and consolidations become inevitable. The venture capitalist gets extraordinary returns at a much lower risk when they exit the company or the industry before it shuts down completely (Hbr.org 2017). Description of Venture Capital backed startups Jio Technology Reliance Jio is a mobile network operator in India. It provides wireless 4G LTE service and is the only VoLTe network which do not have 2G and 3G coverage among the 22 telecom services. Jio is in global alliance with the other mobile network operators such as Millicom, Orange S.A., BT Group, Telia Company, MTS, Deutsche Telecom, Telecom Italia and Rogers Communication. The company also shares spectrum with Reliance telecommunications. Recently, in July 2017 it has launched its 4G featured phone which is known as JioPhone. The company also works in collaboration with the local cable operators for expanding its broadband services. Reliance Jio has set up Rs 5000 cr venture capital fund for the startup companies. The company will also play an important role in the promotion of entrepreneurship by providing cheaper services to the entrepreneurs (Business-standard.com 2017). There are ample of market opportunities for the entrepreneurs of Jio. Reliance Jio will try to capture the entire consumer group in India and thus this will increase the number of online transactions and also increase the market size. The e-commerce market will expand rapidly and thus it will expand the business of the company. Reliance Jio has targeted the customers of all age group. It has targeted 100 million customers in a very short span of time. The customers of Jio will prefer to use the services because it is providing attractive packages at a very cheaper cost compared to other telecommunication providers. The customers will get 4G services at an affordable cost initially and thus it will help in the expansion of business. The company will introduce such tariffs plan which will be attractive and also affordable by all classes of people. It will provide free voice calls to the people which the provided by other companies through payment of a considerable amount of money (Indianexpress.com 2017). Bettle Express Bettle Express is a logistic company of Singapore which provides quality services to the customers and timely delivery. It connects the two important hubs in Asia. Beetle express provides door to door services in Indonesia from China and Singapore. They also help the customers in clearing their taxes and duties and also delivering important documents on time. They ensure the customers about the shipping and custom declaration and have won the trust of the customers. Bettle Express has direct relationship with the important and major airlines service providers in Indonesia, Singapore and China. The company has ground operational staffs in this major international airport who takes care of the logistics services. The company also provides door-to-door e-commerce distribution services. Beetle Express is preferred by the venture capitalist because it can quickly flourish in a short span of time (Beetleexpress.co 2017). Beetle Express is providing unique services to the customers. It is a specialist in international ocean freight and thus it is trying to expand on this sector. It is trying to expand in all the major international destinations apart from the three important countries where it operates. Beetle Express is providing services at an affordable rate and thus it is widely preferred by the people. The target market of Beetle Express is the business group who provides various types of online services of the customers. Beetle Express basically relies on the B2B. The online services which are provided by various companies are outsourced to Beetle Express for logistics so that they can deliver them to the customers. The customers will prefer to Beetle Express are getting services at an affordable cost compared to other logistics company. They also get the services delivered on time and thus are preferred by a wide number of companies. The company will expand its services in other countries. It will expand its business from B2B to B2C so that it can reach to the mass market in a short span of time (Empirija.lt 2017). Zalora Zalora is an e-commerce company of Singapore that provides fashion and footwear products to the customers. The company provides a wide choice of branded products to the customers such as Casio, Nike, Puma, Mango and many more. Zalora provides a wide choice to both the genders and also kids of all ages. Zalora provides easy shopping and fun loving experience to the customers. There are various modes of payments which the customers can opt to choose and enjoy their shopping. The customers are provided with secured payment options and they can also keep a track of their products after placing the order. Zalora also provides free shipping to the customers if they shop for a minimum value that is set by the company. The company also provides the customers with various fashion tips and advices. Zalora also provides discounts and online magazines to its premium clients. The company has received equity of $112 million and it will expand more rapidly in the future (Businesstimes.com.sg 2017 ) . Zalora is trying to convert the traditional shoppers who purchases from bricks and mortar store to e-consumers. Moreover, as the economy of Singapore is rapidly growing it has become easier for the company to expand and be one of the leading e-commerce fashion and footwear industry. The target market of Zalora is the young and the middle aged customers of both the gender. The customers who prefer to buy fashionable products will prefer to use Zalora and thus it will help the company to expand. The customers will prefer to buy the products from Zalora because it provides unique products at an affordable price. Zalora provides attractive discounts to the customers so that they can always compete with the other e-commerce companies. The company is trying to expand in other countries and it will also provide the customers with a wide choice of brands. Zalora will prefer to keep the branded items which are comparatively cheaper than top brands so that it becomes easier to expand among the middle income customers who cannot afford to buy branded and costly products every time (E27.co 2017). Astroscale Astroscale is a satellite company of Singapore which is trying to grow with various innovative solutions. The main aim of the company is to contribute for the sustainability of the space environment through the development of various innovative technologies. It is also providing services in the removal of debris in spacecraft. Astroscale is investing a huge sum on tracking and monitoring of debris. The company is spreading widely in the global market. The investors of Astroscale will not only contribute for supplying high quality instruments but they will also spend the fund in mass production of debris removal from the satellites. The company will get venture capital from JAFCO. The funds will be raised by JAFCO for accelerating samll manufacturing satellites (Agrivomycosciences.com 2017). The company will expand its business in space debris removal because it is a social problem and there are very few companies which are investing in these fields. Moreover, the population of space debris is increasing at an alarming rate and it will help Astroscale to expand rapidly in these fields. The target market of AstroScale will be the aeronautical companies who will purchase the debris and recycle them for their further use. The customers i.e. the aeronautical company will buy the products and utilize them in research and development. They can also use them in cheap services which are used for demonstration. The company will spend further amount in research and development and thus it will help them in the development of the company. It will also establish hubs in the overseas market so that it can collaborate with various space programs (Astroscale.com 2017). Agrivo Mycosciences The business activities of Agrivo Mycosciences include production of substrates bags and cultivation of medicinal mushrooms and gourmet mushrooms which are used in various fields of research and development. This business is an expanding agribusiness and thus it covers the entire supply chain. Agrivo MycoSciences takes care that produces high quality mushrooms. These mushrooms are supplied in the entire ASEAN market because people prefer to eat nutritious fungi which are free of pesticides. No chemicals are used by Agrivo Mycosciences in the entire growing process. It also manufactures mushroom chips, mushroom goodies, mushroom essence and mushroom soup at an affordable rate. The company mainly caters services to B2C segments and thus they created a brand known as Mushroom Kingdom. They also participate in various community events to expand their business and make people aware of their brand. Agrivo Mycosciences also attends the Farmer Market show which is organized by the Singapore People association. The company gets venture from the community market in Singapore for the expansion of its business. There is a wide market opportunity for Agrivo MycoSciences to expand its business because the company does not use any kind of pesticides and chemicals in the growth of mushrooms. If they produce quality mushrooms, they will be preferred by the hotels and restaurants in preparing various traditional dishes. Agrivo MycoSciences has targeted the people of ASEAN. The consumers of all age group prefer to eat mushroom. They also targeted the tribal community in these countries. The customers will prefer to buy mushrooms from Agrivo Mycosciences because they produce quality products. Moreover, the people are much concerned about their health and nutrition and thus they will prefer this company. Moreover, people will get the products at an affordable cost. The company must try to expand in other countries which will help to increase its brand awareness. Moreover, it must also manufacture mushroom pickles because it is widely preferred by the people of various communities (Agrivomycosciences.com 2017). SpaceKnow SpaceKnow is a venture backed startup in the Silicon Valley. This company has developed such products which have helped to track the global economic trends from space. SpaceKnow is trying to capture such imaging platforms which will be available through various kinds of interface. The company is trying to develop these products to keep a close monitoring of the economic activities which will help the clients as well as the consumers. SpaceKnow has made various kinds of analysis in the field of urbanization, construction, vegetation, marine and aircraft. SpaceKnow is one of the leading data analytics providers. The most important products of SpaceKnow are China Satellite Manufacturing and African night Indexes which are used worldwide. The company is also trying to expand in multinational construction and other industries. The U.S. military who is the one of the largest buyer of commercial data through various geospatial imagery is using the products of SpaceKnow. SpaceKnow gets funds from Prattle, a company which is using artificial intelligence for turning various things into tradable signals. It has raised $3.3 m from other investors. Some amount of funds is also provided by BlueYard which is a German venture capital company. BlueYard helps in using artificial intelligence which will help to scan, describe and understand the surface of the Earth using imageries from satellites (Spaceknow.com 2017). SpaceKnow will provide traditional statistics and surveys with various types of social media data and satellite data. This will help the company in capturing the market. Space Know has targeted the geographical and the industrial intelligence companies. It is uniquely positioned in the market for producing sustainable products which will help to build a viable and large business analytics. The customers of SpaceKnow will prefer to buy the products because there are no such companies which are providing these products at a cheaper cost. The unique data sets are demanded by the customers because it will give a correct analysis of different sectors of the economy. The company will try to expand its business and help the customers for authentic analysis of the data sets. Accelerated Ventures Accelerated Digital Venture provides advisory and technology services to the emerging companies which will help to map out the development or collaborate in partnerships with the other companies. This company tries to help the emerging startup companies by providing resources and research projects from the leading research and development centers. The company also evaluates the assessment of the leading scientists and thus helps them to participate in the research projects. Accelerated venture has a committee of advisors who are engaged in the development of these projects and they help the scientists in the selection of new topics for their proposals or research work. The company has also developed due intelligence platform through collaboration with AnglePlus. AngelPlus has helped Accelerated Ventures in developing a wide network of investors. Accelerated Ventures also uses CSI Diagnostic Organization Optimizer for development of mature projects. The accelerator, fund and the spons orship systems are designed in such away so that it helps in the creation of a closed loop for licensing and innovation. Accelerated Venture has received venture capital from various companies. Accelerated Venture will expand its business and help the leading companies in their expansion. It will also help the crow funding companies and thus it can expand in this way. Accelerated Venture will target the startup companies and thus help them in research and development. They will also provide an investment platform for the customers and the corporate in various countries. The business development of Accelerated Ventures will never stop because it engages a continuous research and development processes. The company will try to expand among the public and also participate in various joint ventures. It will also help in the development of other companies. Accelerated Venture will also provide licenses to the operating partners i.e. the manufacturer or pharmaceutical companies. Accelerated Venture will also help the leading companies to split the projects and assist those companies in their development (Accelerated.ventures 2017). ViSenze ViSenze uses artificial intelligence and computer vision for recognition of the images and visual search in e-commerce websites. It is a Singapore based company that was provided funds by other companies for its startup. ViSenze helps in transforming the commercial sector through artificial intelligence. It helps the shoppers to capture the images and search various items in the store via online mode. The company has been undergoing research and development in computer technology and machine learning. It has recommended several items to the online shoppers on the e-commerce platform to search and browse the pictures or publish the content on the social media platforms. Visenze has also helped in building the technologies that will help in processing pixels and gathering intelligence from these images. They use processing metadata on the visual search startups and thus make it easier for the customers to search the images (Techcrunch.com 2017). ViSenze will expand its market in the international global market because there is a rise in the number of online shoppers who will be using these technologies for shopping. The target market of ViSenze is the customers of all age group especially the young women who prefer online shopping. The customers will prefer to buy products from ViSenze because it provides them unique products and thus they get the videos of those products before purchasing them. The company will expand its product range and thus it will use more innovative solutions in further development. This will help Vicenza to earn more profit (Visenze.com 2017). WaveCell WaveCell is a Singapore based company that helps in creation of APIs for various communication tools. It has helped the developers in the integration of chat, voice, SMS and video calling in various applications. The company is trying to expand in Indonesia, Thailand and Honkong. The company has collaborated with other large cloud communication providers such as Nexmo and Twilio. It has also planned to differentiate its business by focusing on the Southeast Asia rather than expanding in Europe and U.S. This is because it can compete with the other companies if it expands in these countries. WaveCell was funded by a venture capital company named Wavemaker Partners and Qualgro. Wavecell has developed such technologies which has enabled the communication features in websites and apps. WaveCell offers a collection of APIs which helps in the development of the mobile apps. This in turns benefits the customers and thus they can communicate through video calls, SMS, voice calls and other pu sh notifications. Wavecell will capture the growing market because the API market is growing immensely. The various mobile app developers will use their products and this will help in expanding their business. The target market of Wave Cell is the app developers of Smartphone. They will use the API for improving the apps. The customers will prefer to use the products of WaveCell because they are constantly innovating and finding out new solutions which will helps in the development of the company. The company will expand in other countries and it will also find out new solutions for the development of its business. It will design more apps for smartphones and thus this will help the company in earning more profits (Wavecell.com 2017). Xfers Xfers is a payment gateway and it helps the customers with online bank account in transfer of funds or transaction of business through online payments. It also offers credit card processing and other types of fund transfers to the customers. Xfers receives its fund from a venture capital company known as Quest ventures, Golden Gate Ventures and 500 Startups. The company has helped to build a new payment infrastructure. Xfers is trying to replace the legacy providers and also reducing high cost which is associated with the processing of credit cards. The clients can pay online through a link and this will help benefit the clients. Xfers also helps in accepting the payments on the e-commerce websites. They also integrate the plugins in website with a click. It will be easier for Xfers to expand its business because people prefer to pay through credit cards rather than cash in delivery. It must develop the apps in such a way so that it is user friendly and people can use it very easily. The target market for Xfers is the customers who buys various products and make payments through credit cards or other online modes. The customers will prefer to choose and make payments through Xfers because it will be easier for them to make payments. It will expand its business in future by developing certain apps which can be easily used by the people who do not want to pay through credit cards(Xfers.com 2017). Conclusion Thus, it can be said that a company backed through venture capital can expand and flourish in a short span of time. There are various venture capital companies which are providing funds to the startup companies so that they can expand their business in future. The startup companies target a narrow customer base initially and with the expansion of time, they try to expand and develop its business. These venture capital backed companies are suitable for the growing economies. The startup companies will try to expand in the global international market. Thus, it can be said that it will be profitable for the companies who are providing funds to the startup companies. References Accelerated.Ventures 2017.Accelerated Ventures. [online] Available at: https://accelerated.ventures/ [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Agrivomycosciences.com. 2017.Agrivo MycoSciences. [online] Available at: https://agrivomycosciences.com/our-business/ [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Astroscale.com 2017.AstroScale. [online] Available at: https://astroscale.com/ [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Beetleexpress.co 2017.Beetle Express. [online] Available at: https://beetleexpress.co/ [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Business-standard.com 2017.Business Standard. [online] Available at: https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/foxconn-technology-may-make-4g-feature-phones-for-reliance-jio-117071800041_1.html [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Businesstimes.com.sg 2017.Business Times. [online] Available at: https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/consumer/zalora-the-startup-all-grown-up-hones-its-operations-at-klang-hub [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. E27.co 2017.Zalora. [online] Available at: https://e27.co/startup/zalora [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Empirija.lt 2017.Empirija. [online] Available at: https://www.empirija.lt/beetle-express-en [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Hbr.org 2017.Harvard Business Review. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/1998/11/how-venture-capital-works [Accessed 4 Sep. 2017]. Hbr.org 2017.Harvard BusinessReview. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2013/05/six-myths-about-venture-capitalists [Accessed 4 Sep. 2017]. Indianexpress.com 2017.Indian Express. [online] Available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/reliance-jio-4g-volte-technology-heres-how-voice-calls-will-work/ [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Spaceknow.com 2017.SpaceKnow. [online] Available at: https://spaceknow.com/ [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Techcrunch.com 2017.Techcruch. [online] Available at: https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/15/singapores-visenze-raises-10-5m-to-bring-the-benefits-of-ai-to-e-commerce/ [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Visenze.com 2017.ViSenze. [online] Available at: https://www.visenze.com [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Wavecell.com 2017.WaveCell. [online] Available at: https://wavecell.com/ [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017]. Xfers.com 2017.Xfers. [online] Available at: https://www.xfers.com/sg/ [Accessed 5 Sep. 2017].

Acid Reflux essays

Acid Reflux essays Millions of people suffer from Acid Reflux Disease each year. It affects the esophogus and can be fairly serious in some cases. In 1988 more than 61 million American adults said they suffer from it at least once a month. (Diagnosis Health) Acid Reflux disease, also known as Gasrtoesophagael reflux disease is a condition in which the liquid content of the stomach backs up, or refluxes, into the esophagus. This liquid usually contains pepsin, which is an enzyme that begins the digestion of protien in the stomach, and acid which is also produced in the stomach. The liquid may also contain bile from the stomach. The regurgitated liquid can eventually inflame and damage the lining of the esophagus in serious cases. The acid in the liquid is the most serious of the components. The bile and pepsin also play a role is the damage of the esophagus, but not as big a role. (Medicine net) Acid reflux is a chronic condition, once some one has it, they usually have it for life. The damage to the esophagus is also lifelong, and if a patient is treated, after the treatment ends, the damage will most likely return, so treatment will have to be used indefinetly. The disease is a complex one, with many causes, and causes may be different for every indivual. One of the most important fatcors that lead to acid reflux is the Lower esphogeal sphincter muscle. It surrounds the lower-most end of the esophagus where it joins the stomach. Two abnormalties of the mucle causes acid reflux. If the muscle is weak, it reduces the ability to prevent reflux. Another is abnormal relaxations. The relaxations allow reflux to occur more easily. The relaxations occur in patients with Acid reflux commonly after eating. Relaxations happen to people who do not have the disease, but it is much less frequent. (Medicine Net) Another contributor is Hiatal hernias. The way they contribute is unclear, but the majority of patients that h ...

Waters Unique Characteristics Essays

Waters Unique Characteristics Essays Waters Unique Characteristics Essay Waters Unique Characteristics Essay Essay Topic: Unique Water, with its unusual bonding to hydrogen, is an invaluable resource to the Earth, wildlife, and the environment. Due to waters hydrogen bonding, it has developed many unique characteristics that many other liquids do not possess. Some of these characteristics are the following: adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension. These three characteristics alone allow for the attachment of water to its self and to other molecules for the movement of water it self.Cohesion is the ability of water to attach to itself to move opposite the force of gravity. While adhesion is the ability of water to attach to something other than water molecules, this allows for water to move with out having to have a force behind it. Surface tension is the measure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid. Water has an exceptionally high surface tension due to the fact that water molecules are intermixed with air and bonded to other water molecules beneath it; thus, causing an almost invisible shield.Other qualities that water possesses are high specific heat, evaporative cooling, and a high boiling point. A high specific heat means that it takes a longer time for one gram of water to heat up by one degree Celsius. Due to this, water will change its temperature less when it absorbs or loses heat. Evaporative cooling happens because hot molecules leave, or escape into a liquid or gaseous state, before cool ones and thus prevents overheating. Also, another important attribute of waters is its density while in solid and liquid forms. Compared to other liquids, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state.This happens because when the hydrogen bonds are being frozen they bond with four other molecules at an arms length rather than closer to the hydrogen. This allows for the ice, or solid form of water, to be 10% less dense than the liquid stage. However, one of the most important benefactors of water is its universality. It can be used t o dissolve just about any substance. For this reason, solutions have been donned either hydrophobic, water fearing, or hydrophilic, water loving. In these two instances, the solution either can dissolve in water, hydrophilic, or is insoluble in water, hydrophobic.These unique characteristics allow water to be one liquid with its own abilities; however, it is what these abilities allow in nature and in the environment that make water so unique. The purpose of adhesion and cohesion basically has to deal with the watering and nurturing of plant systems. Cohesion is used to pull the water up the stems of plants to the top to nurture; on the other hand, adhesion is used to help keep the water in place even though it is being pulled down by gravity. Another example of how adhesion is used is in the vessels of human blood systems; adhesion is used to pull the blood up versus the strength of gravity.Surface tension is used to allow bugs or other animals to walk across the top of water to al low for escape or for the capture of food. Waters high specific heat allows for it to absorb a large amount of heat without changing its temperature much. This allows for in the summer months, the beaches to be cooled off and in the winter months to be heated up. This also, stabilizes ocean temperature, creating a more stable life for marine life, and it allows for temperature fluctuations on land but keeps the water within limits that permit life.Evaporative cooling of water contributes to the stability of the temperature of the lakes and ponds and also prevents animals, and other mechanisms, from over heating. Evaporative cooling also helps with plant life; it keeps the tissues in the leaves from becoming too warm in the sunlight. Moreover, waters density is a better attribute to the environment. As a solid, waters density is less than when it is a liquid this allows for only the tops of lakes, etc to become frozen rather than the bottoms. If a lake were to freeze from the bottom up, then virtually the whole Earths water system would freeze up in only a matter of time.However, because this does not happen, the frozen layer on top insulates the bottom portion of water and allows for marine life to live during the winter months rather than die. Waters universality, however, is its biggest asset. This characteristic allows water to be an easily accessible lab partner all around the world. Without water as a universal solvent, scientists would have to create a solvent that could potentially cost too much money and only allow for limited experiments. However, because water is cheap, and readily available, scientists have no problem with conducting the experiments they feel are necessary.

Marketing strategy and management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing strategy and management - Coursework Example However the pricing strategy based on the experience curve effect of the production process should not be infinite. This means that the pricing strategy should not be based on the maximum production level. This is mainly because at the maximum level of production, the company will not be able to increase its output. Price should thus be set on a production capacity that is reasonable, for example 70 or 80%. There are very many reasons why a company would chose to use the experience curve effect for its market pricing strategy. This is because of the various implications it has on such strategies. The experience effect helps a company to attain a larger market share and this enables the development of a cost advantage. By using this curve to develop a marketing strategy, the company sets a price that it deems fit to the product and that will offer competition to other products in the market .The use of this curve also forces a company to improve its efficiency and effectiveness so as to reach the production level from which the experience effect has been calculated. There are however few discrepancies that are associated with the use of the experience curve. For example, the curve effects apply to real costs and prices only. This means that in situations where this curve is used, an index or notation must be formulated. This particular index renders prices and costs exhibited at different time periods on a platform or a basis that is comparable. The consequence of this is that the index may consume a significant portion of the profits accumulated after production and in the process; the experience effect is washed out. The second argument against the use of the cumulative curves is that it does not apply to calendar time but only to the cumulative experience. The company should therefore take into consideration all these factors when determining whether to use the experience curve effect in its

Review and analyze John Updike's portrayal of the American middle Essay

Review and analyze John Updike's portrayal of the American middle class in his fiction - Essay Example So successful was his original representation of Rabbit Angstrom in his 1960 that he published two subsequent novels that followed the development of his character in both the 1970’s and the 1980’s. These novels describe many themes and motifs that were, and to a large extent still are, experienced by middle-class America. Accordingly, this brief essay will analyze some of these themes by considering key progressions that manifested themselves within two of John Updike’s novels. The first of these novels, Rabbit, Run, deals with the dissatisfaction that hid very casually beneath the surface of late 1950’s America. The topic is hardly ever discussed due to the fact that the post war years have been so highly stylized and idealized that the reader would think that not a care in the world existed (besides perhaps the Soviets and the bomb). Yet, within this seeming idyllic world, Updike portrays the life of the middle class, via the character of Rabbit Angstro m, as one which is fundamentally dissatisfied by the superficial consumerism and fraudulence that the late 1950’s had on the society of that time (Edwards 13). ... o the reader is one that engages the audience on a host of rather un-kosher topics (at least for the 1950s) with relation to abortion, prostitution, homosexuality, and even the topic of blow jobs. In this way, Updike is able to present to the reader, via the vehicle of Rabbit Angstrom, the frustration, confusion, despair, and ultimate desire for experience and sexual revolution that typified the generation of the late 1950s and early 1960s. As such, this representation was indicative of what would come to fruition during the 1960s and the cultural and sexual revolutions that re-defined the American landscape (Clasen 134). In this way, more than a running commentary on the factors that led to the growth and development of the American society during the period, Updike’s novel engages the reader with the understanding that fundamental dissatisfaction and unhappiness were the underlying reasons why the developments of the proceeding decades developed in the way they did. Similarl y, the second book in the series, published in 1971 and named Rabbit Redux, follows the same character, Rabbit Angstrom, and develops upon he and his deteriorating personal life and relationships that it has spawned. Rather than relating that the liberation of the 1960s has brought Rabbit the comfort, meaning and solace that he so desired in the first novel, the author relates that Rabbits life is very much incomplete in much the same way it was in the first novel (Crowe 83). Rabbit is still working a dead-end job, still quite unfulfilled, and has recently had his wife leave him. However, such a situation is not indicative of the middle-class struggle that Americans of this particular era were going through. As a means to engage the reader on the struggles that the middle class experienced in

Malaria: Causes, Effects and Cures

Malaria: Causes, Effects and Cures Solving a Biological Problem Summary The chapter is about the methodology that is involved in exploring some understanding toward solving a biological problem while doing research in quest. With citation of example of malaria as a problem along with historical stage involved towards gradual understanding related to its causes leading to the findings to its cure and preventions, an attempt was made to present the approach that has been involved in addressing the scientific issues in past. A practical approach that is possible to conduct practically at school level to get the students introduced with research at elementary level and built up some interest in students has been presented in the following chapter. Mathematical and statistical tools that are needed in research have been introduced to analyze the data obtained by using research methodology (hypothetical) to arrive on conclusions about certain aspects of the issues related to malaria to accept, discard or modify the hypothesis on a scientific query. Introduction The human being started putting efforts to explore the world around him right from very beginning. The history is full of examples that show that early human being somehow recorded their opinion about different thing. With passage of time, human beings learnt to evaluate the correctness of their thoughts and opinion on any scientific issue, by setting some experiments, drawing conclusion (hypothesis) based on results, verification of hypothesis by other experiments and reporting it. Research methodology is latest approach involving these procedures to address a scientific problem. Steps involved in Biological Research Procedure Identification of a problem Sufferings of mankind that includes diseases, scarcity of food shelter, utilities etc or related matters are the existing problems from biological origin. To initiate research in an area a problem in a particular area is identified. There can be a wide range of problems e.g. an approach to find a cure for newly emerging disease, find a more effective drug for a curable disease, increase the shelf life of a product etc. Generation of hypothesis Available understanding on an issue that is published in scientific journals is used to draw logical opinion, hypothesis, underlying the biological processes and indicate possibilities that can lead to the management of the problem. There are often more than one hypothesis available for a given scientific query. Usually one hypothesis is being testified by given experiments. (a) Shelf life of chadder cheese increases with increase in number of yeast cells present into it. (b) Quality of spinach deteriorates with increase in rate of transpiration. (c) The rate of decrease in microbial population in a food sample in response of heat treatment at 600C is inversely proportional to its total organic content. Laboratory safety Procedures Every type of biological experimentation should comply with necessary safety procedures that ensures the safety of professionals involved in conducting the experiments and other people. That includes use of special clothing e.g. coats, gloves head cover spectacles etc. All the biological material is carried or grown in specially designed containers that ensure no risk for leakage that can be hazards for other people who can come in contact. All the biological material is heated at 121oC under pressure at 15 psi to kill all type of cells before discarding it whereas chemical agents are discarded as mentioned in safety manuals. Experiment Design Experimentation is a practical approach for investigation a scientific query leading to generation of observations called data. A same question can be investigated by using different experimental approaches. The selection of an experimental design mainly depends upon time required, extent of precision, availability of resources etc. Each experiment design has got some limitations and it is important to ensure that the selected experiment design can optimize for investigating the required scientific query. Each experiment is design by usually changing a variable. In order to test a given hypothesis, experiments are set, usually in triplicate and experiments are repeated at least three times to ensure reproducibility of the data. To avoid adding error in the data it is important to set negative and positive control for a given experiment. Positive control has an ingredient instead of ingredient to be test that should positive result when is added in the reagents and processed as per standard method of experiment in given conditions. On other hand Negative control is set same as positive control but has water or other solvent added instead of reagent to be tested. It is very important that selection of sample that is used in the experiment should be random. It is important to ensure that all the experiments should be done at the same conditions. All those factors that can contribute to add errors should be taken care of. Data Collection and analysis Observations can be collected after completion of experiments or while they are in progress depending on nature of experiments. The data is not always a integral values but can be visual observations that can be recorded by photography. The data is usually recorded with appropriate units in tabular form. This is known as raw data. Every data has some error added into it. Mathematic and statistics an integral part of Biological Analysis The observations that are collected as numerical value after experiments comprise raw data. Mathematical or statistical methods are used to minimize the effect of errors present into it the raw data. The most widely and commonly statistical method that is used to decrease error in data is finding an average in any given readings. Beside that mathematical or statistical tools are used to deduce a logical ground based on numerical value to support, modify or discard any scientific opinion (hypothesis) that is built up on earlier reported scientific findings Use of ratio proportion and percentage Data is analyzed by using mathematical or statistical tools, most commonly that are used include ratio and percentage, for finding an effect of changing a variable on other parameters in a given set of condition. If a numerical variable ‘a’ represents intensity of a biological event that needs to be compared with intensity of another similar event represented by numerical variable ‘b’ then ratios are taken out Ratio between intensity of two biological events = a (equation 1) b In order to represent this comparison on scale of 100, percentage of ratio between variables are taken out The general formula for percentage is given as below %= Ratio between two numerical variable x100(equation 2) Substitute equation 1 in general formula of percentage as shown by equation 2 Percent % (ratio between intensity of two biological events) ={ a }x 100 (eq 3) b Usually biological data can comprise of in a range of very small value to very large and hence it is important to convert it on Log10. The general formula for expressing any numerical variable is shown by equation 4 as follow Number(N) on Log 10 scale= Log10(N) (equation 4) Substitute equation 3 into equation 4 Log 10(ratio between intensity of two biological events) =Log10 { a x 100}(eq 5) b Technical limitation associated with use of Log10 scale While expressing any data on Log10 the difficulty arises when it is needed to express integral 0 on Log10 scale (Log10(0)=infinity). In order to cope with this difficulty 1 or any fraction of number that falls within permissible limit of error (10 scale. In later stages the data can easily be plotted on any type of graphs as discussed in later part of this chapter. Significance of error in decision making and predictions on biological data Every data collected has certain extent of error present into it depending upon experimentation design, procedures and method of taking observations. This error needs to be evaluated before using the data for testing any hypothesis, decision making or predictions. It is defined as tentative variation on negative and positive scale in a set of observations from actual value. The actual numerical value of a biological effect is (B). An experiment was done to note this biological effect. The experiment was repeated N times e.g. (N1 N2 N3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Nt) to showing observations B as (B1 B2 B3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Bt) respectively. The first stage in calculation the error is to find an average The general formula for Average is Average = sum of numerical values of individual observation eq 6 Number of times the observation was taken Substitute the values in equation 6 Average ={B1+ B2+†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Bt} eq 7 {Nt} Sum of values of observations ={B1+ B2+†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Bt}is shown by S{B} No of times the experiment was repeated {Nt} ={N} Substitute the value in equations in equation 7 Average= S{B} equation 8 {N} Lets value of Average be represented by X Substitute in equation 7 Average = X Second stage is to find the difference between each numerical value of observation and Average = B1-X, B2-XBt-X, Third stage is to square each of the difference =B1-X)2,(B2-X)2, (B3-X)2(Bt-X)2 Fourth stage is to add the square of differences =(B1-X)2+(B2-X)2+(Bt-X)2 Fifth stage is to divide square sum of difference of average of individual numerical variable with number of observations e.g N =S(B1-X)2,( B2-X)2,†¦..(Bt-X)2 N Standard deviation or Error is obtained by taking square root of the quotient obtained by dividing the square sum of difference between the average and the individual numerical variable with number of observations. =√S(B1-X)2,( B2-X)2,†¦..(Bt-X)2 N It is an integral value that is expressed, as on negative as well as positive scale e.g if error calculated is 3 then it would be +3 as well as –3. It represents a range within which actual value may lie. In olden days, such calculations were done with the help of calculator but now same work can be done more easily by using different software e.g. excel with computer as a tool. It is often very different to understand the effect underlying in any biological data by merely looking at numerical values. The different types of graphs are used for visual presentation of effect by trends available in data The most commonly types of graphs that are used for the presentation of data are given in figure 2.The same data for different sample e.g. A, B, C is presented on percentage scale by using horizontal and vertical bars whereas error is shown by error bars .Another set of data for sample D, E, F was presented by line graph. Data analysis to decide the status of hypothesis After the mathematical and statistical treatment of raw data a logical ground built up by comparing certain numerical values or more often represented on graphs to accept, modify or reject any hypothesis. In order to test the hypothesis â€Å"The rate of decrease in microbial population in a food sample in response of heat treatment at 600C is inversely proportional to its total organic, 100 cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were inoculated in same volume in mediums with concentration as X, 3X and 70X respectively to make final concentration of each medium as 100 cells/ml.(Sample D contains 3X concentration medium, Sample E contains X concentration and Sample F contains 70X concentration). The medium were kept at 600C for 1104hours and cells were assayed for viability after 10 hrs, 100, hours, 1000hrs and 10000 hrs respectively. The viability being dependent value was plotted on a graph Y axis against the time in hours after expressing the value on Log 10 scale. Different data points taken on the graph are sufficiently scattered and can not be joined by a straight line accommodating all the point on it. The trend line can be drawn manually by accommodating maximum number of points and leaving as many point above the line as many are there below that line. Such a manually drawn line can not be used for any type of scientific predictions. Otherwise highly precise trend line for a given data can be drawn as explained in section given in the end of the chapter that can be used for making decisions on a given hypothesis and for making predictions. The error bars extending on positive as well as negative scale in same magnitude of Y scale is plotted against each observation. The observation that were taken in this experiment are shown as graphs in Figure 2 e.g. Sample D, E and F were presented by using line graphs on Log 10 scale. The trend lines are introduced to show the type of dependency of one parameter on another. As already discussed earlier the biological data is often presented on Log 10 scale to observe the effects in broader prospective and ignore the slight changes especially when study is made on larger populations of samples e.g. cells with a wide range of variations. The data show that sample D and E has got similar trend (with an increase in variable on X axis, there is a decrease on Y axis variable, Y axis is dependent on x axis and is inversely proportional to it) whereas in sample F, Y variable is independent of X variable as no change in Y variable is observed with an increase in X variable and this is evident by a straight trend line. The conclusion drawn as evident by three graphs that number of viable yeast cells were found to decrease with passage of time when concentration of organic content in medium was X in sample E or 3X in sample D that is represented by a slopes in respective graphs. But this effect was found to be lost when organic concentration was raised to 70X in sample F and that is. This experiment supports the hypothesis â€Å" The rate of decrease in microbial population in a food sample in response of heat treatment at 600C is inversely proportional to its total organic content†. If reported literature indicate some other type of experiments done to check the same hypothesis then results are compared and reason of the variations if there are any are discussed with scientific reference and is reported in a scientific journal. Research Methodology Theory accepted Modification in hypothesis Publication in scientific Journals Discarding above hypothesis Supporting above hypothesis Results interpretation Different Hypotheses Data analysis Data collection Experimental design for a given hypothesis Literature reported in related area Identification of Biological Problem Interpretation of data The data that is obtained is interpreted to draw scientific conclusions. The reported literature is used to give explanation of the conclusion drawn. In the light of conclusion drawn either the hypothesis is accepted, rejected or is modified. If the hypothesis is proven correct with experiments, then it is known as a theory. Scientific articles based on proven hypothesis e.g. theory, disapproved or modified hypothesis are written by scientist involved in research and are sent for publication in scientific journals. Biological Problem as an example A school teacher planned an excursion for students and took paramedic staff equipped with sample collection facility to country side area to study the prevalence of any non contiguous disease in human beings and animals. Malaria is an example of non contiguous disease that is spread only by infected female mosquito is malaria and is a matter of great concern. As reported in newspapers and other literature there was a population of 100,000 people living with minimal facilities of life that on a huge natural water reservoir for drinking water. Recent heavy rain resulted in collection of water of stagnant water and much of this water in later stage drained in reservoir. The students prepared a report explaining how did they use biological methodology to study this case. a) Identification of problem Prevalence of certain incidences of disease symptoms similar to malaria in a given locality was identified as a biological problem. Students wrote the following note after referring the literature about malaria to get basic information about disease. Please refer the picture given below and the literature cited in later part of this chapter. From Mala aria ( bad air) to Malaria-over a period of time Malaria has been a matter of concerns since very beginning. Understanding about malaria has changed over a period of time. Initially it was considered to be caused by some supernatural power. Supported with the findings of higher incidences near the marshy area, malaria was thought to be caused by bad air that is found near marshy areas. With the emergence of germ theory malaria by Louis Pasteur (1852-1895) was thought to be caused by any bacteria. It is strongly believed until Charles Louis Alphonse Laveron (1845-1922) during microscopy of Blood from infected patients observed causative agent of malaria in 1880 and later on reported it to Academy of Medicine in Paris. Albert Freeman Africanus King (1841-1940) who was associated with George Washington University on basis of supporting reports presented the idea that mosquitoes are the mean of transmission of malaria (vector) and discarded the opinion that bad air in marshy area has any role in causing malaria. On basis of his data he suggested that proper netting can help to control the incidences of malaria in Washington. Ronald Ross (1857-1932) was a physician, who studied the life cycle of malarial parasite in mosquites e.g (different stages of parasite infection with a change in morphology) and its transfer to human beings and birds. In 1898 Giovanni Battista Grassi (1854-1925) on basis of understanding about malaria obtained by published literature set an experiment to infect a person who never had malaria (with his permission) in an area of Rome where there was not any case of malaria reported and mosquitoes were not found by exposing the person with Anopheles clavigar for ten night and later on patient developed the symptoms. On basis of his experiment he proved that malaria is spread by mosquitoes in human beings that carries the causative agent Plasmodium. The complete cycle of P. falciparum was observed by Grassi Bignami and Bastianelli in 1899 and the work has been published by Grassi in 1900. The life cycle of Plasmodium has three reproduction stages with different morphologies (shapes). The mosquitoes inject sporozoites in human being s skin that through blood goes to liver where they multiply and change into Merozoites.The second cycle of multiplication does into RBC. Some of the meroziotes after passing through reproductive cycle in RBC converts into gametocytes (male and female gemates) and enters in gut of mosquitoes when they suck blood from an infected human being where they undergo sexual reproduction to zygote which later on converts Oocyst. Oocyste after under going asexual reproduction burst to release newly formed sporozoites that enters in salivary gland of mosquitoes At the site students made a survey of that area and noted the initial observation with the help of photography. They found that not only human being but also the birds are affected by the disease Initial Findings They found that the reservoir (a) was associated with dark places where high populations of mosquitoes can be seen (b).Beside that a few sick birds were also found resting on ground. Diseased patients report to an increase in high fever with shivering that stays for some times and then fever become low or even normal with sweating or even without it. These symptoms are repeated with intervals and patient feels weakness. Initial findings support that the disease is malaria. b) On the basis of their initial findings the following hypothesis was built up. The disease may be Malaria and is caused by Plasmodium Experimentation Plasmodium infect the red blood cells. In order to established that diseased people are suffering from malaria at least 63 patients having disease were bled to collect blood samples. This type of sample that is under study is called as test sample. Blood were taken from at least 50 healthy who do not have any symptoms of disease. Since these people do not have any symptoms of disease it is very likely that Plasmodium may never be detected in their blood. Such a sample that is known to give a negative test is a called a negative control The blood and water samples were collected in collection tubes specially designed for this purpose. The fixed slides of infected Red Blood Cell (RBC) were purchased from the market and was taken as positive control. (a)The sample was not only collected from human beings but also from the diseased animals as well. That the blood of each sample was spread on a glass slide, fixed and stained with Giemsia and was observed under microscope. (b)Beside that the blood samples from infected people were inoculated (added) in RPMI-1640 medium (name of medium used for the growth of Plasmodium that also contain RBC) present in bottle and were incubated to grow causative agent of the disease under laboratory conditions. The sample from these bottles were observed under microscope for presence of Plasmodium after 72 hours of incubation. Furthermore, the surface water from stagnant regions of reservoir was collected in a container and was assayed for presence of larvae of mosquitoes with help of magnifying glass. Laboratory Safety Procedure All the containers having biological material was heated at 1210 C at 15 psi for 15 minutes to kill every type of living cells before discarding them. The chemical agents were discarded as described in their respective safety manuals Result Microscopy results show that the Red Blood Cell of diseased people were found to be infected with Plasmodium. The causative agent of the disease was successfully found to grow in the medium that supports the growth of Plasmodium (Figure 3) and that was confirmed by microscopy e.g Plasmodium were found in the sample from medium under microscope and slides observed were found similar as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 Plasmodium Figure 7 The blood sample after mixing with other reagent (as shown with white arrow indicating towards a tube) is then inoculated into the bottle ( as shown in picture) ( source Nature Protocols courtesy to Nature Publishing Group) The surface water samples that was taken from the stagnant water collected near water reservoir were found of have mosquitoes larvae in large number as is shown in Figure 4. Conclusion The results that includes, presence of large number of mosquitoes larvae near the site of outbreak, Plasmodium was found in the infected blood of diseased people, that was successfully grown in the medium and conditions specific confirm that the outbreak is of malaria that was caused by Plasmodium. Skill development to solve a Biological Problem Report A report comprising the incidences of malaria during the years 2002, 2003 and 2004, in three different cities was published in a newspaper. The patient were treated by using drug A and attempt to kill mosquitoes were made by spraying B into environment and adding in water collection. Out of these report related to three cities is given below. In Karachi 530 malarial cases were reported in year of 2002, 534760 in 2003 and 12345668 in 2004 respectively. The mortality reported in these years were 98 in 2002, 120001 in 2003 and 5408889 in 2004.The rain fall recorded in Karachi for year 2002 is 50mm, 2003 is 100 mm and 10,000 mm in 2004.The drug resistance was found in 12 cases in 2002, 60009 cases in 2003 and 9900099 cases in 2004. In 2002, 134 malarial cases were reported in Faisalabad where as in 2003 and 2004 the reported numbers were 1237 and 1379 respectively. The mortality reported in years 2002, 2003 and 2004 were 10, 99, 115 respectively. The annual rainfall reported in these years were 12 mm in 2002, 58 mm in 2003 and 89 mm in 2004.The antimalarial drug resistance was found to be in 2 cases in 2002 , 79 cases in 2003 and 91 cases in 2004. In a similar study that was conducted in Gilgit during these three years, it was found that malaria affected 325 people in 2002, 135 people in 2003 and 350 people in 2004.There were 10 people reported to be died of malarial disease in 2002, 8 people in 2003 and 17 people in 2004. The annual rainfall reported in these years were 130, 120, 105 mm in 2002, 2003 and 2004 respectively. The resistance against anti malarial drug found in 2002, 2003 and 2004 were 9, 4, 9 respectively. Source ( It is an imaginary situation given with data to help student develop research skills) Research Methodology Step 1 Identification of problem from published literature After reading the above mentioned findings, management of heavy occurrence of malarial disease has been identified as a problem. Step 2 literature search for generating the hypothesis taking malaria as a test case Malaria is a very common infectious disease that is commonly associated with poverty. It is caused by protozoan parasites Plasmodium species that is transferred to human being blood circulation system by the vector Anopheles mosquito’s bite(1). Literature show that malarial outbreaks can be related with rainfall in that area (2). Malaria is more common in urban area than in cities. However in Africa it is present in both rural and urban areas (3,4)No literature is available about the relation of malarial incidence with location of the place with height above sea level. The occurrence of malarial outbreak can be related with presence of stagnant water that can support the mosquito survival in populations. Heavy use of anti-malarial drugs and mosquito cidal sprays is reported to produce resistance in the protozoa against commonly used drugs (5). 1) Cox F (2002). History of Human parasitology. Clin Microbiol Rev 15 (4): 595-612. 2) Grover-Kopec E, Kawano M, Klaver R, Blumenthal B, Ceccato P, Connor S. 2005 An online operational rainfall-monitoring resource for epidemic malaria early warning systems in Africa. Malar J 4(1): 6. 3) Van Benthem B, Vanwambeke S, Khantikul N, Burghoorn-Maas C, Panart K, Oskam L, Lambin E, Somboon P 2005.Spatial patterns of and risk factors for seropositivity for dengue infection Am J Trop Med Hyg 72 (2): 201-8. 4) Keiser J, Utzinger J, Caldas de Castro M, Smith T, Tanner M, Singer B 2004. Urbanization in sub-saharan Africa and implication for malaria control. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 (2 Suppl): 118-27. 5)Rieckmann, K.H.2006 The chequered history of malaria control: are new and better tools the ultimate answer? Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 100(8) 647-662 6) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria (The Scientific literature is presented with citation of references as is shown in above paragraph) Step 3 Deduction of hypothesis with help of published literature After reading the reported literature as mentioned above following hypothesis can be deduced. Incidence of malaria is dependent on amount of rainfall probably through collection of stagnant water Step 4 Experimental design The data for the parameters analyzed was collected by using standard methods e.g. microscopy of infected blood samples at different hospitals and was published in a newspaper as a scientific report. Step 5 Presentation of Raw data The above mentioned data is presented below in tabular form. Karachi Year Malarial cases reported Mortality Rainfall (mm) No of resistant cases to anti-malarial drug A 2002 530 98 50 12 2003 534760 120001 100 60009 2004 12345668 5408889 10000 9900099 Average/year 4293652.667 1842996 3383.33 3320040 Faisalabad Year Malarial cases reported Mort